Abbreviations and Titles Used in College

Abbreviations and Titles Used in College Some abbreviations are appropriate in academic writing, while others are not appropriate. Below youll find a list of abbreviations you are likely to use in your experience as a student. Abbreviations for College Degrees Note: The  APA doesnt recommend using periods with degrees. Be sure to consult your style guide as recommended styling may vary.   A.A. Associate of Arts: A two-year degree in any specific liberal art or a general degree covering a mix of courses in liberal arts and sciences. It is acceptable to use the A.A. abbreviation in place of the full degree name. For example, Alfred earned an A.A. at the local community college. A.A.S. Associate of Applied Science: A two: Dorothy earned an A.A.S. in culinary arts after she earned her high school degree. A.B.D. All But Dissertation: This refers to a student who has completed all the requirements for a Ph.D. except for the dissertation. It is used primarily in reference to doctoral candidates whose dissertation is in progress, to state that the candidate is eligible to apply for positions that require a Ph.D. The abbreviation is acceptable in place of the full expression. A.F.A. Associate of Fine Arts: A two-year degree in a field of creative art such as painting, sculpting, photography, theater, and fashion design. The abbreviation is acceptable in all but very formal writing. B.A. Bachelor of Arts: An undergraduate, four-year degree in liberal arts or sciences. The abbreviation is acceptable in all but very formal writing. B.F.A. Bachelor of Fine Arts: A four-year, undergraduate degree in a field of creative art. The abbreviation is acceptable in all but very formal writing. B.S. Bachelor of Science: A four-year, undergraduate degree in a science. The abbreviation is acceptable in all but very formal writing. Note: Students enter college for the first time as undergraduates pursuing either a two-year (associates) or a four-year (bachelors) degree. Many universities have a separate college within called a graduate school, where students may choose to continue their education to pursue a higher degree. M.A. Master of Arts: The masters degree is a degree earned in graduate school. The M.A. is a masters degree in one of the liberal arts awarded to students who study one or two years after earning a bachelors degree. M.Ed. Master of Education: The masters degree awarded to a student pursuing an advanced degree in the field of education. M.S. Master of Science: The masters degree awarded to a student pursuing an advanced degree in science or technology. Abbreviations for Titles Dr. Doctor: When referring to a college professor, the title usually refers to a Doctor of Philosophy, the highest degree in many fields. (In some fields of study the masters degree is the highest possible degree.) It is generally acceptable (preferable) to abbreviate this title when addressing professors in writing and when conducting academic and non-academic writing. Esq. Esquire: Historically, the abbreviation Esq. has been used as a title of courtesy and respect. In the United States, the title is generally used as a title for lawyers, after the full name. Example: John Hendrik, Esq. It is appropriate to use the abbreviation Esq. in formal and academic writing. Prof. Professor: When referring to a professor in nonacademic and informal writing, it is acceptable to abbreviate when you use the full name. It is best to use the full title before a surname alone. Example: Ill invite Prof. Johnson to appear as a speaker at our next meeting.Professor Mark Johnson is speaking at our next meeting. Mr. and Mrs. The abbreviations Mr. and Mrs. are shortened versions of mister and mistress. Both terms, when spelled out, are considered antiquated and outdated when it comes to academic writing. However, the term mister is still used in very formal writing (formal invitations) and military writing. Do not use mister or mistress when addressing a teacher, a professor, or a potential employer. Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy: As a title, the Ph.D. comes after the name of a professor who has earned the highest degree awarded by a graduate school. The degree may be called a doctoral degree or a doctorate. Example: Sara Edwards, Ph.D. You would address a person who signs correspondence as Sara Edwards, Ph.D. as Dr. Edwards.

20 Computer Science Project Topics

20 Computer Science Project Topics If you are writing a computer science project, and you need computer science project topics, consider the list of 20 topics below. The Best Defenses Against Web Security Attacks How to Improve Government Websites Containing Citizen Data Cloud Computing and the Healthcare Industry: A Critical Analysis The Importance of 3D Modeling in Healthcare Difficulties of Producing Computer Programs Capable of Passing the Turing Test Facebook API: The Positives and Negatives of Their Technical Approach How to Find Better Algorithms for Fourier Transform and Matrix Multiplication How to Build Quantum Computers Capable of Factorizing Numbers into Primes P Versus NP Problem: What is the Solution? Artificial Intelligence: Formalizing Human Capabilities Data Mining: How Machine Learning and Hardware Architectures Are Helping Grow Businesses Bio-Informatics: How Computational Biophysics Offers Understanding of Molecular-Level Interactions Inside Organisms Biomedical Engineering: The Use of Microprocessor-Based Systems to Monitor Vital Signs Without Doctors Prosthetics: The Development of Computer Aided Designs Computer Assisted Education: Programming Support for Skill Learning and Cheat Proof Grading for Teachers Natural Language Processing: How Human-Computer Interactions are Growing Optical and Quantum Computing: Emerging Technologies Human-Computer Interaction: Emotion and Intent Detection Large-Scale Networking: How User-Facing Services are Growing High Turnover Rates among IT: Why This Exists in a Field with So Much Potential Growth Aren’t those great topics? Remember that these examples are meant as a guide just the same as the topics above. If the topics do not sufficiently conform to the requirements of your report writing you can always consider something the backup of our 10 facts for a college project on computer science and also our guide. Well, below you will find a sample writing piece on one of the topics from the list above to help you gain a better idea of how the writing process works: Sample College Project: The Importance of 3D Modeling in Healthcare Today there are many things in the healthcare industry which have helped to improve the way patients receive medical care and the way that doctors interact with patients. Perhaps one of the greatest breakthroughs in the last few years has been the development of 3D printing. 3D printing offers doctors a new way to really get inside of their patient without any form of invasive surgery. In fact 3D printing allows physicians to use 3D replications of internal structures and organs in a way that facilitates a better in-depth understanding of current medical conditions, progress, and regression. The 3D replications allow Physicians to spend time inside of certain facets of the body and develop the best practices for treatment or procedures possible in a way that even invasive surgery would prohibit. 3D printers have revolutionized the way modern healthcare functions. This tool revitalizes is imaging in the smallest areas of a patients body, helping to better diagnose and rectify a multit ude of diseases. The conversion of 2 dimensional images of things such as the heart into exact 3D printed replicas allows surgeons to hold in their hands the physical replica of each patient and utilize surgical planning to its highest capability. These models used in modern medicine have improved surgical outcomes for patients and led to the creation of multiple libraries among the National Institutes of Health specifically for 3D hearts and other 3D organs. By continually improving exact replication process doctors can look inside of hollow organs through a refined manual process to get a better look at things such liver or even the brain. A 3D model of patients with certain diseases can be observed over different points in time. Such observations can help doctors to review the growth rate of cancer or to see how invasive certain diseases really are and how they wrap around the internal structures of the body. Such tools have made it better to communicate across different specialties in the medical field. Doctors around the world have started using 3D printing from scans taken in a CT or an MRI. These images use a 3D data set that can be viewed from 2D which allows for multiple types of interpretations. Radiologist for example might spend their life looking at complex images in order to determine information necessary for other clinicians without the same background. And in most cases specialists who are in charge of making medical decisions have to walk through images multiple times before they can truly understand them to the same level as a radiologist. But today the use of 3D technology has augmented this otherwise time-consuming process. 3D technology has allowed for virtual realities as well as holographic display to really become the cornerstone of medical diagnostics. 3D modeling makes viewing an anatomical image into every field of medicine which allows doctors to make better diagnosis, plan for surgeries in a more practical and beneficial fashion, and educate themselves on d iseases and outcomes to a greater degree. The simplicity of 3D models also allows better communication between doctors and the families of their patients. The overall goal of integrating 3D technology and printing among the healthcare industry is to create a future state work clinicians are able to interact with pathology and human anatomy in ways never before seen. Today there remains untapped potential for the improvement of 3D modelling and its understanding and soon enough a new reality will exist   where medical imaging in a 3D fashion will far outweigh the use of 2D, something which will allow for better health outcomes across the board. Overall the implementation of 3D technologies and particularly 3D printing among the healthcare industry is a necessary transition across the world. By implementing these new technologies doctors in all countries will be better suited to provide the best possible care for their patients all the while learning a great deal more about diseases and the body than ever possible before. Such opportunities for growth will allow for the continued development of better healthcare resources and improved medical care. References: 3D Scanner Can Identify Early Foot Deformity In RA Patients.  Springer Healthcare News  1.1 (2012): n. pag. Web. Brookshear, J. Glenn. Computer Science. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 2000. Print. Crow, G. B., Muthuswamy, B. (2014). International outsourcing in the information technology  industry: Trends and implications.  Communications of the IIMA,  3(1), 3. Dutta, S., Mia, I. (2011). The global information technology report 2010–2011. In  World  Economic Forum  (Vol. 24). Feigl, Beatrix and Dietmar Hutmacher. Eyes On 3D-Current 3D Biomimetic Disease Concept Models And Potential Applications In Age-Related Macular Degeneration.  Advanced Healthcare Materials  2.7 (2013): 1056-1062. Web. Ling, Yanglv. Computer Science In Industrial Application. Print. Montgomery, D. C., Peck, E. A., Vining, G. G. (2012).  Introduction to linear regression  analysis  (Vol. 821). John Wiley Sons. Nelis, D., Kotsou, I., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., Weytens, F., Dupuis, P., Mikolajczak, M.  (2011). Increasing emotional competence improves psychological and physical well-being, social relationships, and employability. Emotion,  11(2), 354. Treleaven, Philip and Jonathan Wells. 3D Body Scanning And Healthcare Applications.  Computer40.7 (2007): 28-34. Web.